Journal: Aging Cell

Article Title: Extra virgin olive oil improves synaptic activity, short‐term plasticity, memory, and neuropathology in a tauopathy model

doi: 10.1111/acel.13076

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of chronic administration of EVOO‐rich diet on hippocampal pre‐ and postsynaptic protein expression in hTau mice. (a) Representative Western blot analyses for SNAP25, syntaxin 1A, synaptobrevin, complexin 1/2, and synaptophysin (SYP) in hippocampus homogenates from CTR and EVOO mice. (b) Densitometric analyses of the immunoreactivities to the antibodies shown in panel A (** p < .01; n = 6 per group) . (c) Representative Western blot analyses for the AMPAR subunit glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), AMPAR subunit glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2), and their phosphorylated forms, pGluR1 (S831), pGluR1 (S845), and pGluR2 (S880), in hippocampus homogenates from CTR and EVOO mice. (d) Densitometric analyses of the immunoreactivities to the antibodies shown in panel A ( n = 6 per group) . Values are mean ± SEM

Article Snippet: Syntaxin 1A , AF7237 , RD SYSTEMS , Goat.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Aging Cell

Article Title: Extra virgin olive oil improves synaptic activity, short‐term plasticity, memory, and neuropathology in a tauopathy model

doi: 10.1111/acel.13076

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibodies used in the study

Article Snippet: Syntaxin 1A , AF7237 , RD SYSTEMS , Goat.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of ginseng research

Article Title: Fructose-arginine, a non-saponin molecule of Korean Red Ginseng, attenuates AIM2 inflammasome activation.

doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.06.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Effects of RGE, NS, and SF on AIM2 inflammasome activation. A, Schematic diagram of the experimental process used for inflammasome activation in macrophages. B, Mouse BMDMs were primed with LPS and then subjected to dsDNA transfection to activate AIM2 inflammasome in the presence of RGE, NS, or SF as indicated. IL-1b secretion was analyzed by immunoblot assay. C, LPS-primed BMDMs were treated with NG along with increasing dosages of NS or SF, as indicated, to trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The release of IL-1b was observed by immunoblot assay. All data shown are representative of at least two independent experiments. RGE, Korean Red Ginseng extracts; NS, non-saponin fraction of RGE; SF, saponin fraction of RGE; Sup, cellular supernatant; Lys, cellular lysate.

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked by 3 % skim milk and probed with anti-mouse IL-1b antibody (R&D Systems, MN, USA), anti-caspase-1 antibody (AdipoGen Co., San Diego, CA, USA), anti-Asc antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-GSDMD antibody (Abcam plc., Cambridge, MA, USA), or anti-actin antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) overnight at 4 C. The membranes were additionally probed with secondary antibody conjugated with HRP against the first anti-sera (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) for 3 h at room temperature and then visualized by applying an enhanced chemiluminescence solution (WESTSAVE STAR , AbFrontier, Seoul, Republic of Korea) and using a chemiluminometer (EZ-Capture II, ATTO Technology, Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Transfection, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of ginseng research

Article Title: Fructose-arginine, a non-saponin molecule of Korean Red Ginseng, attenuates AIM2 inflammasome activation.

doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.06.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Effects of SEF on AIM2 inflammasome activation in macrophages and mice. A, Mouse BMDMs were primed with LPS for 3 h and then treated with dsDNA for AIM2 inflammasome activation in the presence of increasing concentrations of SEF as indicated. The secretion of caspase-1 (Casp1) was analyzed by immunoblot assay and the release of IL-1b was determined by ELISA. B and C, PMA-treated THP-1 cells (human macrophage-like cell line) were primed with LPS for 3 h and then subjected to dsDNA transfection in the presence of SEF or FA (fructose-arginine) as indicated. D, LPS-primed BMDMs were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) to activate AIM2 inflammasomes. IL-1b releases were analyzed by ELISA. E, Mice (n ¼ 6 per group) were fed daily with SEF, as indicated, for 7 d, and then intraperitoneally injected with 200 mL of PBS containing LM. After 6 h, peritoneal lavage and blood serum samples were collected, and IL-1b secretions were measured by ELISA. Bar graphs indicate mean SD values. All data shown are representative of at least two independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked by 3 % skim milk and probed with anti-mouse IL-1b antibody (R&D Systems, MN, USA), anti-caspase-1 antibody (AdipoGen Co., San Diego, CA, USA), anti-Asc antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-GSDMD antibody (Abcam plc., Cambridge, MA, USA), or anti-actin antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) overnight at 4 C. The membranes were additionally probed with secondary antibody conjugated with HRP against the first anti-sera (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) for 3 h at room temperature and then visualized by applying an enhanced chemiluminescence solution (WESTSAVE STAR , AbFrontier, Seoul, Republic of Korea) and using a chemiluminometer (EZ-Capture II, ATTO Technology, Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Transfection, Injection

Journal: Journal of ginseng research

Article Title: Fructose-arginine, a non-saponin molecule of Korean Red Ginseng, attenuates AIM2 inflammasome activation.

doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.06.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Effects of fructose-arginine on AIM2 inflammasome activation. A, LPS-primed BMDMs were transfected with dsDNA in the presence of SEF (100 mg/mL), arginine (1 mg/mL), fructose (1 mg/ml), glucose (1 mg/mL), or maltose (1 mg/mL). Secretions of caspase-1 (Casp1) and IL-1b were measured by immunoblot assay and ELISA, respectively. B, BMDMs were primed with LPS, and AIM2 inflammasomes were activated by dsDNA transfection in the presence of the amino-sugars fructose-arginine (FA) or arginine-fructose-glucose (AFG). C, LPS-primed BMDMs were transfected with dsDNA to activate AIM2 inflammasomes. Immunoblot assays were conducted to detect secretions of IL-1b and caspase-1 (Casp1), the formation of Asc oligomerization, and the cleavage of gasdermin D (Gsdmd), as indicated. The secretions of IL-1b and IL-18 were measured by ELISA. Bar graphs indicate mean SD values. All data shown are representative of at least two independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked by 3 % skim milk and probed with anti-mouse IL-1b antibody (R&D Systems, MN, USA), anti-caspase-1 antibody (AdipoGen Co., San Diego, CA, USA), anti-Asc antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-GSDMD antibody (Abcam plc., Cambridge, MA, USA), or anti-actin antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) overnight at 4 C. The membranes were additionally probed with secondary antibody conjugated with HRP against the first anti-sera (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) for 3 h at room temperature and then visualized by applying an enhanced chemiluminescence solution (WESTSAVE STAR , AbFrontier, Seoul, Republic of Korea) and using a chemiluminometer (EZ-Capture II, ATTO Technology, Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Transfection, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay